Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
الحشر
Al-Hashr
24 versets
وَمَآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡهُمۡ فَمَآ أَوۡجَفۡتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ مِنۡ خَيۡلٖ وَلَا رِكَابٖ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ
Le butin provenant de leurs biens et qu'Allah a accordé sans combat à Son Messager, vous n'y aviez engagé ni chevaux, ni chameaux; mais Allah, donne à Ses messagers la domination sur qui Il veut et Allah est Omnipotent
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
(And that which Allah gave as spoil unto His messenger from them) from Banu'l-Nadir, it is solely for the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and there is nothing in it for you, (ye urged not) you did not use (any horse or riding-camel for the sake thereof) but you walked to it, for it was very close to Medina, (but Allah giveth His messenger) Muhammad (pbuh) (lordship over whom He will) the Banu'l-Nadir. (Allah is Able to do all things) in terms of giving help and spoils.
مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِيَآءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ
Le butin provenant [des biens] des habitants des cités, qu'Allah a accordé sans combat à Son Messager, appartient à Allah, au Messager, aux proches parents, aux orphelins, aux pauvres et au voyageur en détresse, afin que cela ne circule pas parmi les seuls riches d'entre vous. Prenez ce que le Messager vous donne; et ce qu'il vous interdit, abstenez-vous en; et craignez Allah car Allah est dur en punition
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
(That which Allah giveth as spoil unto His messenger from the people of the townships) of 'Uraynah, Qurayzah, Banu'l-Nadir, Fadak and Khaybar, (it is for Allah) specifically and there is nothing in it for you (and His messenger) the command of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) regarding this is permissible, and this is why he made the spoils of Fadak and Khaybar an endowment for the needy people; it remained under his control during his lifetime, and after his death it came under the control of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, and after him under 'Umar, 'Uthman and 'Ali respectively exactly as it was under the control of the Prophet (pbuh) and it remains so to this day. The Prophet (pbuh) also divided the spoils of Banu Qurayzah and Banu'l-Nadir on the poor from among the Emigrants (al-Muhajirun), he gave them according to their need and the need of their dependents (and for the near of kin) and he gave some of it to the needy among the Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib (and the orphans) and he gave some of it to the orphans, other than the orphans of Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib (and the needy) and gave some of it to the needy, other than the needy of the Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib (and the wayfarer) the guest and the passer-by, (that it become not a commodity) a division (between the rich among you) between the strong among you. (And whatsoever the messenger giveth you) of spoils, (take it) accept it; it is also said that this means: whatever the messenger commands you, act upon it. (And whatsoever he forbideth, abstain (from it). And keep your duty to Allah) fear Allah in that which He commanded you. (Lo! Allah is stern in reprisal) when He punishes; this is because they said to the Prophet (pbuh): �Take your share of the spoils and leave us to deal with the rest of it�.
لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ ٱلۡمُهَٰجِرِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُخۡرِجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ وَأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ يَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلٗا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَٰنٗا وَيَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓۚ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّـٰدِقُونَ
[Il appartient aussi] aux émigrés besogneux qui ont été expulsés de leurs demeures et de leurs biens, tandis qu'ils recherchaient une grâce et un agrément d'Allah, et qu'ils portaient secours à (la cause d') Allah et à Son Messager. Ceux-là sont les véridiques
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
Allah therefore said to them: these spoils-i.e. seven gardens that belonged to the Banu'l-Nadir-(And (it is) for the poor fugitives who have been driven out from their homes) because they were driven out of their homes in Mecca (and their belongings) the disbelievers of Mecca expelled them from Mecca, they were about one hundred men, (who seek bounty) who seek reward (and pleasure from Allah) and the good pleasure of Allah by means of jihad (and help Allah and His messenger) through jihad. (They are the loyal) they are the ones who are true in their faith and jihad.
وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُو ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلۡإِيمَٰنَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ يُحِبُّونَ مَنۡ هَاجَرَ إِلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمۡ حَاجَةٗ مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ وَيُؤۡثِرُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ وَلَوۡ كَانَ بِهِمۡ خَصَاصَةٞۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفۡسِهِۦ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ
Il [appartient également] à ceux qui, avant eux, se sont installés dans le pays et dans la foi, qui aiment ceux qui émigrent vers eux, et ne ressentent dans leurs cœurs aucune envie pour ce que [ces immigrés] ont reçu, et qui [les] préfèrent à eux-mêmes, même s'il y a pénurie chez eux. Quiconque se prémunit contre sa propre avarice, ceux-là sont ceux qui réussissent
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
Then the Prophet (pbuh) to the Helpers (al-Ansar): �These spoils and gardens are solely for the poor among the Emigrants. If you wish, I will divide your wealth and properties on the Emigrants and give you a share of the spoils, or you keep your wealth and properties and I divide the spoils on the poor among the Emigrants�. They said: �O Messenger of Allah, we would like to share our wealth and properties with them and we will also prefer them over ourselves and let them have the spoils�. Allah praised them for this by saying: (Those who entered the city) those who made it possible for the Prophet (pbuh) and his Companions to live in the abode of migration (and the faith before them) and were believers before the Immigrants came to them (love these who flee unto them for refuge) in Medina from among the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh) (and find in their breasts) in their hearts (no need) no resentful envy; and it is said this means: no vexation (for that which hath been given them) of spoils, while they did not get any, (but prefer (the fugitives) above themselves) with their wealth and homes (though poverty become their lot. And whoso is saved from his own avarice) and whoever drives away avarice from his own self (such are they who are successful) such are they who are saved from Allah's wrath and chastisement.
وَٱلَّذِينَ جَآءُو مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا ٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَا وَلِإِخۡوَٰنِنَا ٱلَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِٱلۡإِيمَٰنِ وَلَا تَجۡعَلۡ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلّٗا لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٞ رَّحِيمٌ
Et [il appartient également] à ceux qui sont venus après eux en disant: «Seigneur, pardonne-nous, ainsi qu'à nos frères qui nous ont précédés dans la foi; et ne mets dans nos cœurs aucune rancœur pour ceux qui ont cru. Seigneur, Tu es Compatissant et Très Miséricordieux»
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
(And those who came (into the faith) after them) after the first Emigrants (say: Our Lord Forgive us) our sins (and our brethren who were before us in the faith) and migration, (and place not in our hearts any rancour) or resentful envy (towards those who believe) among the Emigrants. (Our Lord! Thou art Full of Pity, Merciful) they made these supplications because they were afraid of resentful envy, because the Prophet (pbuh) gave the spoils to the first Emigrants and did not give them anything.