Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
النساء
An-Nisa
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يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَوۡلَٰدِكُمۡۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءٗ فَوۡقَ ٱثۡنَتَيۡنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۖ وَإِن كَانَتۡ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصۡفُۚ وَلِأَبَوَيۡهِ لِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٖ مِّنۡهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٞۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُۥ وَلَدٞ وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُۥٓ إِخۡوَةٞ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ يُوصِي بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍۗ ءَابَآؤُكُمۡ وَأَبۡنَآؤُكُمۡ لَا تَدۡرُونَ أَيُّهُمۡ أَقۡرَبُ لَكُمۡ نَفۡعٗاۚ فَرِيضَةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا
Voici ce qu'Allah vous enjoint au sujet de vos enfants: au fils, une part équivalente à celle de deux filles. S'il n'y a que des filles, même plus de deux, à elles alors deux tiers de ce que le défunt laisse. Et s'il n'y en a qu'une, à elle alors la moitié. Quant aux père et mère du défunt, à chacun d'eux le sixième de ce qu'il laisse, s'il a un enfant. S'il n'a pas d'enfant et que ses père et mère héritent de lui, à sa mère alors le tiers. Mais s'il a des frères, à la mère alors le sixième, après exécution du testament qu'il aurait fait ou paiement d'une dette. De vos ascendants ou descendants, vous ne savez pas qui est plus près de vous en utilité. Ceci est un ordre obligatoire de la part d'Allah, car Allah est, certes, Omniscient et Sage
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
Allah then exposited the share of the male and female in inheritance, saying: (Allah chargeth you) Allah expounds to you (concerning your children) concerning the inheritance of your children after you die: (to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females) the share of two females, (and if there be women) blood daughters (more than two) two or more daughters, (then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one) daughter ((only) then the half) of the inheritance. (And to his parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he) the deceased person (have a son) or daughter; (and if he) the deceased person (have no son) or daughter (and his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third) and the reminder is the share of the father; (and if he) the deceased person (have brethren) full brothers or half brothers from either the father or the mother, (then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid)) after paying the debt of the deceased and extracting any bequest which does not exceed a third of the inheritance. (Your parents or your children: Ye know not) in this world (which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness) in the Hereafter in terms of rank; it is also said that this means: you do not know which of them is nearer in usefulness in this world with regard to inheritance. (It is an injunction from Allah) upon you that you divide the estates. (Lo! Allah is Knower) in relation to the division of inheritance, (Wise) in relation to the difference between the shares of the male and female.
۞وَلَكُمۡ نِصۡفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزۡوَٰجُكُمۡ إِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُنَّ وَلَدٞۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٞ فَلَكُمُ ٱلرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡنَۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ يُوصِينَ بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٖۚ وَلَهُنَّ ٱلرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡتُمۡ إِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّكُمۡ وَلَدٞۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمۡ وَلَدٞ فَلَهُنَّ ٱلثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡتُمۚ مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ تُوصُونَ بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٖۗ وَإِن كَانَ رَجُلٞ يُورَثُ كَلَٰلَةً أَوِ ٱمۡرَأَةٞ وَلَهُۥٓ أَخٌ أَوۡ أُخۡتٞ فَلِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٖ مِّنۡهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُۚ فَإِن كَانُوٓاْ أَكۡثَرَ مِن ذَٰلِكَ فَهُمۡ شُرَكَآءُ فِي ٱلثُّلُثِۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ يُوصَىٰ بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍ غَيۡرَ مُضَآرّٖۚ وَصِيَّةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٞ
Et à vous la moitié de ce que laissent vos épouses, si elles n'ont pas d'enfants. Si elles ont un enfant, alors à vous le quart de ce qu'elles laissent, après exécution du testament qu'elles auraient fait ou paiement d'une dette. Et à elles un quart de ce que vous laissez, si vous n'avez pas d'enfant. Mais si vous avez un enfant, à elles alors le huitième de ce que vous laissez après exécution du testament que vous auriez fait ou paiement d'une dette. Et si un homme, ou une femme meurt sans héritier direct, cependant qu'il laisse un frère ou une sœur, à chacun de ceux-ci alors, un sixième. S'ils sont plus de deux, tous alors participeront au tiers, après exécution du testament ou paiement d'une dette, sans préjudice à quiconque. (Telle est l') Injonction d'Allah! Et Allah est Omniscient et Indulgent
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
(And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave) of property, (if they have no child) male or female, from you or from other than you; (but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave) of property, (after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt) after paying back any debt that they may have contracted and extracting any bequest she may have bequeathed. (And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave) of property (if ye have no child) male or female from them or from other than them, (but if ye have a child) male or female, from them or from other than them (then the eighth of that which ye leave) of property, (after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid)) after paying back any debt you may have contracted and extracting any bequest you may have bequeathed to someone. (And if a man) who does not have parents, children or kinsfolk related to his parents or children (or a woman) who is in the same situation (have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child)) brothers or sisters from the mother side. It is also said that this refers to any kin other than parents and children, (and he (or she)) the deceased (have a brother or a sister) only on the mother's side (then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third) the male and the female having equal share, (after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted)) after paying back any debt that the deceased may have contracted and after extracting any bequest that he may have bequeathed provided it does not exceed a third of the inheritance (not injuring) the heirs by willing away more than a third of the inheritance (hath been paid. A commandment from Allah) it is an obligation upon you from Allah that you must divide inheritance. (Allah is Knower) regarding the division of inheritance, (Indulgent) in relation to that which happens between you of ignorance and deception regarding the division of inheritance, despite of which He does not hasten His punishment upon you.
تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِۚ وَمَن يُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ يُدۡخِلۡهُ جَنَّـٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَاۚ وَذَٰلِكَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ
Tels sont les ordres d'Allah. Et quiconque obéit à Allah et à Son messager, Il le fera entrer dans les Jardins sous lesquels coulent les ruisseaux, pour y demeurer éternellement. Et voilà la grande réussite
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
(These are the limits (imposed by) Allah) these are the legal rulings and obligations imposed by Allah. (Whoso obeyeth Allah and His messenger) regarding the division of estates, (He will make him enter Gardens beneath which) beneath its habitations and trees (rivers) rivers of wine, water, honey and milk (flow, where such will dwell for ever) dwelling forever in Paradise, never to die or leave it. (That will be the great success) the greatest salvation through entering Paradise.
وَمَن يَعۡصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُۥ يُدۡخِلۡهُ نَارًا خَٰلِدٗا فِيهَا وَلَهُۥ عَذَابٞ مُّهِينٞ
Et quiconque désobéit à Allah et à Son messager, et transgresse Ses ordres, Il le fera entrer au Feu pour y demeurer éternellement. Et celui-là aura un châtiment avilissant
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
(And whoso disobeyeth Allah and His messenger) regarding the division of estates (and transgresseth His limits) contravenes His legal rulings and obligations through deviation and disobedience, (He will make him enter Fire, where such will dwell for ever) continually abiding in the Fire until whenever Allah wills; (his will be a shameful doom) through which he will be humiliated; it is also said that (be a shameful doom) means: a severe torment.
وَٱلَّـٰتِي يَأۡتِينَ ٱلۡفَٰحِشَةَ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَشۡهِدُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ أَرۡبَعَةٗ مِّنكُمۡۖ فَإِن شَهِدُواْ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡبُيُوتِ حَتَّىٰ يَتَوَفَّىٰهُنَّ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ أَوۡ يَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلٗا
Celles de vos femmes qui forniquent, faites témoigner à leur encontre quatre d'entre vous. S'ils témoignent, alors confinez ces femmes dans vos maisons jusqu'à ce que la mort les rappelle ou qu'Allah décrète un autre ordre à leur égard
Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs — Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs
(As for those of your women) your free, married women (who are guilty of lewdness) i.e. of fornication, (call to witness) that they were caught red-handed in the act (four of you against them) four of your free men. (And if they testify) to the Truth of the allegation (then confine them to the houses) keep them in prison (until death take them) until they die in prison (or (until) Allah appoint for them a way) out by means of stoning. Imprisoning a free, married woman who commits fornication until she dies in prison was later abrogated by stoning.