Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi

Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi — Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi

(It is not for a believer to kill a believer unless (it be) by mistake�) [4:92]. Abu �Abd Allah ibn Abi Ishaq informed us> Abu �Amr ibn Nujayd> Abu Muslim Ibrahim ibn �Abd Allah> Ibn Hajjaj> Hammad> Muhammad ibn Ishaq> �Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Qasim> his father who reported that al-Harith ibn Shadid was hard on the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace. He was on his way to embrace Islam when he was met by �Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi�ah, and not realising that al-Harith wanted to embrace Islam, he killed him. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse (It is not for a believer to kill a believer unless (it be) by mistake�). Al-Kalbi explained this event, saying: ��Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi�ah al-Makhzumi had embraced Islam but was fearful of coming in the open about it. He fled to Medina and took refuge in one of its fortresses. His mother was distressed a great deal. She said to her two sons Abu Jahl and al-Harith ibn Hisham, who were his half brothers from his mother�s side: �By Allah, I will stay outside in the sun, not eating or drinking, until you bring him back to me�. And they went looking for him, accompanied by al-Harith ibn Zayd ibn Abi Anisah, until they reached Medina. They went to �Ayyash in his fortress, and said to him: �Come down, your mother has not entered the confines of a house since you left. She has also sworn that she will not eat or drink until you go back to her. By Allah we give you assurance that we will not coerce you to do anything nor will we come between you and your religion�. When they mentioned his mother�s distress and gave him their assurance, he came down to them. They took him out of Medina, tied him up with strings and whipped him a hundred lashes each, and then took him to his mother. His mother said to him: �I will not untie your fetters until you disbelieve in that which you have believed�, and he was left fettered in the sun until he gave them some of what they had wanted. Al-Harith ibn Yazid went to him and said: �O �Ayyash, by Allah, if that which you followed was guidance, you have now left it, and if it was error, you were already in error�.

Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi — Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi

(Whoso slayeth a believer of set purpose�) [4:93]. Said Ibn �Abbas, according to the report of al-Kalbi from Abu Salih: �Maqis ibn Subabah, who was Muslim, found his brother Hisham murdered at Banu�l-Najjar. He went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and mentioned what had happened to him. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent with him an emissary from Banu Fihr and said to him: �Go to Banu�l-Najjar, greet them with the greeting of peace and say to them: �The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, commands you, if you know the killer of Hisham ibn Subabah, to hand him over to his brother to exact his retaliation; and if you do not know the killer, to pay him the blood money�. �The man from Fihr conveyed to them the message of the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and they said: �We hear and obey Allah and His Messenger. By Allah, we do not know who the killer is, but we are willing to pay the blood money�. They gave him one hundred camels and they headed toward Medina. When they were very close to Medina, the devil whispered to Miqyas: �What have you done? Your acceptance of your brother�s blood money will be a slur on you. Kill the person who is with you and it would be as if you have avenged your brother in surplus of the blood money�. Miqyas did just that. He fractured the skull of the man from Fihr with a rock, rode a camel and drove away the rest to Mecca. He went back to Mecca as a disbeliever. Through him I avenged Fihr and charged his blood-wit To the chiefs of Banu�l-Najjar, the lords of Fari� castle. By killing him I gave vent to my vengeance and eased my tension, And was the first to return to the idols. This verse was then revealed (Whoso slayeth a believer of set purpose�). The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, sentenced him to death upon the conquest of Mecca. He was chased and captured by some people in the market place and executed�.

Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi — Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi

O you who have faith! When you strike forth on the path of God, look clearly, and say not to him who offers you peace, “You are not of the faithful,” seeking the chance goods of this world's life. By way of allusion, He is saying that when you go on a journey, go for the sake of reaching one of the friends of God so that he may be the intimate of your days and the witness of your heart and spirit. No matter how far you go, never be at ease from seeking and do not hold back the foot of effort. The friends are the favorites of the Exalted Threshold and accepted by the Presence of Divinity. Not everyone sees them, not every eyesight perceives them. When you find them, give ear, and when you see them, cling to them, for the brightness of the heart lies in witnessing them and endless felicity in being their companion. The pir of the Tariqah Junayd was asked, “Which do you prefer? Two cycles of voluntary prayer or an hour of witnessing the poor.” He said, “An hour of witnessing the poor, for witnessing the poor is God's love, for He says, 'It is incumbent on Me to love those who love each other in Me and who visit each other in Me.' Bringing God's love to hand is an obligatory act for everyone. Leaving aside this obligatory act and choosing a supererogatory act is not the work of the clever and the conduct of the chevaliers.”

Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi — Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi

(Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a (disabling) hurt, are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah�) [4:95]. Abu �Uthman Sa�id ibn Muhammad al-�Adl informed us> his grandfather> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Sarraj> Muhammad ibn Humayd al-Razi> Salamah ibn al-Fadl> Muhammad ibn Ishaq> al-Zuhri> Sahl ibn Sa�d> Marwan ibn al-Hakam> Zayd ibn Thabit who said: �I was with the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, when the verse (Those of the believers who sit still are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah) and did not mention (other than those who have a (disabling) hurt). Ibn Umm Maktum said: �How is this so when I am blind and unable to see?� The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, was overwhelmed with revelation in this assembly and he leaned on my thigh. By Him in whose Hand is my soul, his weight grew so much on my thigh that I feared he would crush it. Then he was relieved, upon which he said: �Write: (Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a (disabling) hurt, are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah)�, and I wrote it down�. This was narrated by Bukhari> Isma�il ibn �Abd Allah> Ibrahim ibn Sa�d> Salih> al-Zuhri. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us> Muhammad ibn Ja�far ibn Matar> Abu Khalifah> Abu�l-Walid> Shu�bah> Abu Ishaq> al-Bara� who said: �When the verse (Those of the believers who sit still are not on an equality�), the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, called Zayd who went to him with a shoulder blade and wrote on it this verse. But Ibn Umm Maktum complained about the fact that he is blind, and so the verse (Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a (disabling) hurt, are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah) was revealed�. This was narrated by Bukhari from Abu�l-Walid and by Muslim from Bundar from Ghundar, and both Abu�l-Walid and Ghundar related it from Shu�bah. Isma'il ibn Abi al-Qasim al-Nasrabadhi informed us> Isma'il ibn Najid> Muhammad ibn 'Abdus> 'Ali ibn al-Ja'd> Zuhayr> Abu Ishaq> al-Bara' that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: �Call Zayd for me and ask him to bring with him a shoulder blade and an inkwell�, or he said: �a slate�.